Pre-Replacement Survey
Before ordering replacement lights: identify the existing lamp type (sodium, CFL, mercury vapour, fluorescent). Note the existing fitting type (slip-fitter, bracket, top-entry, side-entry - this determines compatibility with the replacement LED luminaire). Measure the pole arm diameter and length. Note the supply voltage and cable entry direction. Photograph the existing installation from multiple angles - you will reference this during installation. Count the MCB rating and cable size from the distribution board. Calculate the power density reduction (old watts vs new watts) to verify the existing cable and MCB can handle the new load (they almost always can, since LED loads are lower).
Choosing Compatible LED Replacement
Slip-fitter compatible LED: fits the same 1.5-inch or 2-inch OD arm that the old fitting used - most common. Drop-in retrofit: some LED luminaires are designed to replace specific old fitting types using the same mounting points. Direct replacement module: replaces only the lamp inside the existing housing - the least disruptive but least efficient option (old reflector is not optimised for LED). Full luminaire replacement: replace the entire fitting including arm bracket if needed - the highest quality outcome. For government projects: full luminaire replacement is always specified - partial retrofit does not achieve BIS compliance for the complete assembly.
Wiring Changes for LED Replacement
Sodium and mercury vapour lights use a ballast (electromagnetic or electronic) that must be removed or bypassed for LED installation. For full luminaire replacement: remove the old fitting completely. Connect the LED luminaire's input cable to the existing supply cable. Verify polarity (live to live, neutral to neutral). Apply weatherproof insulation tape or heat-shrink at all connections. For drop-in LED retrofit: the old ballast is typically bypassed or removed. Follow the LED retrofit lamp's wiring diagram exactly - bypassing a ballast incorrectly can create a lethal shock hazard. Have a licensed electrician verify all wiring changes before energising.
Safe Disposal of Old Lamps
Sodium lamps: contain sodium metal (highly reactive with water) and mercury (0.5–5mg per lamp). Classified as hazardous waste under Hazardous Waste Rules 2016. Must be disposed at an authorised e-waste/lamp recycler. Do not crush or break - sodium ignites on water contact. Mercury vapour lamps: contain 15–30mg mercury per lamp. Most hazardous of the old lamp types. Immediate hazard if broken - do not crush. Store in original packaging or sealed plastic bags until recycling. CFL lamps: 2–5mg mercury per lamp. Similar disposal requirements. LED retrofits generate no hazardous waste from the LED chips themselves (no mercury, no sodium). Document disposal at authorised recyclers for CPCB compliance and project environmental clearance.
